Using the supercooled LOX was very important for this project. All the processes followed before launching are described here (audio is in Russian language). Vasily Mishin developed new materials and machinery to precool the liquid oxygen to around -210 Celsius (☌), then devised vacuum isolation storage systems that reduced boil-off losses during storage, transport, and fueling operations by 500 times. In order to achieve this, new technologies had to be mastered.Ī system for overcooling, durable storage, and high-speed filling of the rocket with supercooled LOX has been developed and the problem of durable storage of oxygen without losses has been solved. So for R-9A new achievements were the capability of using the supercooled oxygen and also the process of fueling and launching quickly a production missile using cryogenic LOX. The R-9A, on the other hand, could be launched after 20 minutes from the time a launch order was given. Previous Soviet designs, fuelled with cryogenic LOX and kerosene, commonly took hours to fuel and launch, around 2 hours. A total of only 27 operational launchers and 70 missiles were built. It entered in service on Jand remained in service for more than 10 years. So was even for R-9A rocket in which new technology was applied for the supercooled LOX.ĭesigned in 1959 and first Flight tests of rocket R-9A started on Apand the first successful launch took place on April 21, 1961. It was projected and being operational at the beginning of the space rockets developments when a lot of experiments and test were done for new and unknown technologies at that time. The R-9 represented Korolev's last attempt to develop a practical military rocket and to prove the military worth of the non-toxic LOX/kerosene propellant combination. The launch complex " Desna -N" at Baikonur Cosmodrome 1961-1963 Transportation and installation of the missile R - 9A / 8K75 on the launch pad. But the R-9A was a launcher that used cryogenic propellants, kerosene and liquid oxygen, for its first stage. We know that most of the missiles use very toxic hypergolic propellant or solid propellant. The rocket for which I am referring is the two stage R-9A intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) also known as SS-8 Sasin. So the supercooled is not used only in laboratories for studying it, but also in real rockets putting in to practice and being operational for years. Other rockets have used it before the SpaceX’s rocket and according the information of some websites even in lower temperatures than Falcon 9 FT rocket uses. But the Falcon 9 FT is not the first using supercooled LOX. Since Falcon 9 FT is a rocket that could be used to transport astronauts in space and also using the supercooled LOX is not an easy process which could be risky and needs a very secure technology to complete this process, it gives attention and fame to Falcon 9 FT for this part. SpaceX decided to operate different in colder temperatures because it was needed an extra performance for Falcon 9, to have in this way more fuel available for first stage landings. In websites it is written a lot for the SpaceX and Falcon 9 FT space rocket because this rocket uses the liquid oxygen at -340 Fahrenheit (☏) or 66 Kelvin (K) which is far below compared to other operational rockets used in our days.
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